The writer’s name appears in a byline. The article includes two photographs, so a photographer is also involved. A designer was responsible for the layout. A team of editors have fact-checked the article for accuracy, revised its wording, and proofread it.

Scientific journals are peer reviewed and reputable, so you can assume that the writer they hired is knowledgeable about the topic.

The magazine’s editorial team decided to cover the particular topic. The writer made choices about which people to interview and about which information to include and exclude from the article. The designer chose photos and graphics to make the pages visually appealing.

An advertising agency made the ad, probably with a team of actors, scriptwriters, producers, camerapersons, and media arts specialists. However, the snack company is the actual source of the ad, because it hired the ad company and had the ultimate say on content.

Because the message was paid for by a company for commercial purposes, its reliability is questionable.

The snack company chose the agency that crafted the ad, approved the persuasive direction for the ad, and decided the production budget.